List extraction is a web scraping technique that extracts multiple similar items from a web page by recognizing repeating patterns. It transforms product listings, job postings, and other repeated content into structured datasets.

Unstructured data is information that lacks a predefined format or organization, including text, images, videos, and documents. Web scrapers extract this messy content and convert it into organized, usable formats.

Structured data is information organized in a predictable format that makes it easy to search and analyze. In web scraping, it's the clean, organized output created from messy web pages.

A user agent is a text string that identifies your browser or scraping tool to web servers. Websites use user agents to detect bots, making proper user agent configuration essential for successful web scraping.